Sodium batteries are generally safer than lithium batteries, but risks in design, usage conditions and extreme situations still need to be considered in actual applications. The following is a specific analysis:
Core safety advantages
High chemical stability
The high melting point characteristics of the electrolyte materials (such as inorganic salts) and sodium ions of sodium batteries make them more thermally stable and less likely to catch fire or explode during overcharge, short circuit or puncture tests. For example, State Grid Jiangsu Power tests showed that sodium batteries did not smoke or burn under extreme conditions such as puncture and extrusion.
Better material safety
Compared with lithium batteries, the positive and negative electrode materials (such as sodium salts and carbon-based materials) of sodium batteries are more stable, reducing the risk of thermal runaway. In addition, sodium resources are abundant and low-cost, reducing safety hazards caused by material defects during the production process.
Actual application verification
Some electric vehicle brands (such as Tailing Electric Vehicles) have mass-produced models equipped with sodium batteries, and user feedback shows that their safety performance is good.